After incubation for 3 days, streptobacillus moniliformis was found in all blood cultures that had been taken. Dogs as vectors of streptobacillus moniliformis infection. Streptobacillus moniliformis is a gramnegative bacillus that requires media containing blood, serum, or ascites fluid as well as incubation under carbon dioxide co 2 for isolation from clinical specimens. Streptobacillus definition is any of a genus streptobacillus of nonmotile gramnegative rodshaped bacteria in which the individual cells are often joined in a chain. Gram stain morphology of streptobacillus moniliformis a openi. People usually get the disease from contact with infected. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 555k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. As the currently available methods for identifying the causative bacteria are not. Densmore, in nelson pediatric symptombased diagnosis, 2018. This is an unusual circumstance, since most laboratory rat bites are believed to be harmless.
Streptobacilliosis, streptobacillary fever, haverhill fever, epidemic arthritic erythema, and rat bite fever 14, known as sodoku in japan 4. Streptobacillus moniliformis was cultured from the patients blood, confirming a diagnosis of ratbite fever. Although ratbite fever is commonly considered a zoonosis transmitted by wild or laboratory rats, our case emphasizes that it may be transmitted by pet animals as well. No history of rat bite was there, but rats were present in the house. Streptobacillus moniliformis as the causative agent in spondylodiscitis and psoas abscess after rooster scratches. Isolation of streptobacillus moniliformis from the blood of a. The rods often form filaments that occasionally show lateral bulbar swellings, which appear like a string of beads. Streptobacillus moniliformis is a highly pleomorphic, filamentous, gramnegative nonmotile and nonacidfast rod levaditi et al. A case study of rat bite fever caused by streptobacillus. Streptobacillus moniliformis and corynebacterium cervicis 93 grampositive, but mixed with some of them were gramnegative lforms pl. Links to pubmed are also available for selected references. The purpose of this report is to record the case of a physician who was infected with streptobacillus moniliformis following the bite of a laboratory rat. Rat bite fever, caused by streptobacillus moniliformis, is a systemic illness classically characterized by fever, rigors, and polyarthralgias.
Open, download, or view adobe acrobat files as pdf or html files in your browser. Streptobacillus moniliformis rat bite fever infectious. In order to evaluate a polymerase chain reaction pcr for the detection of this zoonotic bacterium in animal tissues a set of primers was designed based on the dna base sequence of part of the 16s rrna gene from 11 s. We present a lady with past history of osteoarthritis developing streptobacillary septic arthritides of the right knee and left wrist, and required antibiotic and. This organism causes ratbite fever and haverhill fever in humans. Streptobacillus moniliformis is an etiological agent of ratbite fever and haverhill fever in human infection. Our first job is to listen to and observe what our customers need, and meet those needs with quality products and services. Original report ratbite fever streptobacillus moniliformis. Other articles where streptobacillus moniliformis is discussed. It is classically characterised by abrupt onset of fever with rigors, myalgias, headache, and the appearance of a generalised maculopapular petechial skin rash. After 18 weeks of antimicrobial therapy, the clinical condition of the patient improved.
A case of streptobacillus moniliformis infection with. Free safety data sheet index public health agency of canada phac provides the following safety data sheets related to the hazardous properties of human pathogens or infectious diseases. Ratbite fever was once considered an infection exclusive to children living in poverty. Despite a stay at home advisory being put in place in maryland, usa, we are deemed an essential business, and our manufacturing and distribution teams continue to be fully operational. Ratbite fever rbf is an infectious disease that is caused by two types of bacteria, one called streptobacillus moniliformis which is the cause of disease in north america, and one called spirillum minus which is the cause for this disease in asia. Some weeks before her admission, the girl had been.
Streptobacillus moniliformis is a facultatively anaerobic, pleomorphic, gramvariable bacillus often seen in chains and as long unbranched filaments. Atcc stands ready to support our customers needs during the coronavirus pandemic. Ratbite fever is transmitted to humans in up to 10% of rat bites. Describe the natural habitats of streptobacillus moniliformis and spirillum minus.
Here we listed some of the best pdf readers for windows, which can help you to view your pdf files. Streptobacillus moniliformis pcr control xpress biotech. Both primers were synthesized by gibco brl life technologies breda, nl. Notes for figure 1, please refer to the welcome and contributing authors page for the list of idsa 2009 contributors. The icd10cm alphabetical index is designed to allow medical coders to look up various medical terms and connect them with the appropriate icd codes. Rat bite fever and streptobacillus moniliformis clinical. Rat bite fever occurs due to a direct bite by an infected andor colonized rat, mouse, or other rodent or via intake of contaminated food or milk. Streptobacillus definition of streptobacillus by medical. The organism is typically arranged in chains and loosely tangled clumps fig. A pleomorphic, gramnegative, rodshaped, indole, oxidase and catalasenegative, nonsporeforming, nonmotile bacterium was isolated in 1979 from the heart of a spinifex hopping mouse notomys alexis thomas, 1922 with septicaemia and stored as streptobacillus moniliformis in the strain collection of the animal health laboratory, south perth, western australia ahl 3701, as well as under. Gram stain of streptobacillus moniliformis from anaerobic blood culture. Penicillin, in sufficiently high dosis, is the treatment of choice and leads to a prompt resolution of the infection, whereas lack of treatment leads to a % mortality rate.
Although the morphology of the organism is dependent on the age of the culture and growth conditions, it characteristically appears as long filamentous organisms with fusiform. Streptobacillus moniliformis icd10cm alphabetical index. Streptobacilliosis, streptobacillary fever, haverhill fever, epidemic arthritic erythema, and rat bite fever 14, known as sodoku in japan. Table 1 streptobacillus moniliformis strains studied studyno. A child owning pet rats developed an eruptive fever with blisters, polyarthritis, and spectacular desquamation of the hands.
Dec 08, 2019 streptobacillus moniliformis is a topic covered in the johns hopkins abx guide to view the entire topic, please sign in or purchase a subscription official website of the johns hopkins antibiotic abx, hiv, diabetes, and psychiatry guides, powered by unbound medicine. Although it is more commonly reported to cause ratbite fever with reactive arthritides, it can also lead to pyogenic infection of the joints. Streptobacillus moniliformis isolated from a case of haverhill fever. We report a case of rat bite fever, diagnosed based on positive cultures of streptobacillus moniliformis from blood and synovial fluid.
Pcr for the detection of streptobacillus moniliformis, 2002. A previously well 19yearold girl was admitted with a 3week history of lethargy, nausea, and tiredness. Pdf rat bite fever and streptobacillus moniliformis. The clinical and microbiological diagnosis of this rare infectious disease is often quite problematic. It presents as an acute or chronic illness with polyarthritis in states such as sepsis and bacteremia.
Download free adobe acrobat reader dc software for your windows, mac os and android devices to view, print, and comment on pdf documents. Streptobacillus moniliformis is a gram negative bacterium found in various laboratory animal species and is the causative agent of rat bite fever rbf and haverhill. Streptobacillus moniliformis was identified after culture of the childs blister fluid and was detected in rat samples by molecular methods. Streptobacillus images partners infectious disease images. Aug 25, 2016 chapter 39 streptobacillus moniliformis and spirillum minus objectives 1. Rats may carry streptobacillus moniliformis and spirillum minus as commensal organisms living in the nasopharynx. Streptobacillus moniliformis is a gramnegative bacterium found in various laboratory animal species and is the cause of rat bite fever and haverhill fever in man.
Fever, rash, joint pain and general malaise are considered the cardinal symptoms. Streptobacillus moniliformis is the causative agent of rat bite fever, with endocarditis being a rare but welldocumented complication. Streptobacillus moniliformis is one of the causes of rat bite fever. Rat bite fever is a zoonosis caused by either streptobacillus moniliformis or spirillum minus 1,3. Download pdf download for windows now from softonic. Streptobacillus moniliformis synonym or cross reference. Polyarthritis complicates the course of the disease in up to 50% of infected patients. Streptobacillus bacerial genus microbiology dictionary.
Streptobacillus moniliformis is not routinely reported to public health authorities in most jurisdictions, and hence the true incidence rate is unknown. Morphological and serological evidence is presented to demonstrate that an organism morphologically identical with streptobacillus moniliformis is a stage intermediate to the lform of a strain of corynebacterium cervicis, that it is serologically closely related to a type culture of s. Streptobacillus moniliformis definition of streptobacillus. It usually appears straight but may be fusiform and may develop characteristic lateral bulbar swellings. Streptobacillus moniliformis is a nonmotile, gramnegative rodshaped bacterium that is a member of the family leptotrichiaceae. Although this disease is readily cured with antibiotics, untreated infections are sometimes fatal. S ir, in this report, we describe the first ever reported case of discitis caused by streptobacillus moniliformis rat bite fever rbf confirmed by extended culture. Streptobacillus moniliformis was cultured from the patients blood, confirming a diagnosis of rat. Streptobacillus moniliformis is a zoonotic agent associated with rodent contacts. Streptobacillus moniliformis an overview sciencedirect. Streptobacillus moniliformis streptobacillus felis streptobacillus.
Complete genome sequence of streptobacillus moniliformis type. Unfortunately, its nonspecific initial presentation combined with difficulties in culturing its causative organism produces a significant risk of. Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. An immunoblot ib technique for detecting antibodies to streptobacillus moniliformis in rat sera was evaluated. Streptobacillus moniliformis, the only species in the genus, is a pleomorphic gramnegative, nonmotile, nonsporeforming, nonencapsulated microaerophilic bacillus. In 110 days after exposure, patients may exhibit fever, chills, malaise, and muscle. Streptobacillus moniliformis bacteremia in a pet shop. Spirillum minus has never been grown in culture but, because both are causative agents of ratbite fever, these organisms. Rat bite fever caused by streptobacillus moniliformis in a. Streptobacillus is a genus of fastidious microaerophilic gramnegative bacteria, which grow in culture as rods in chains species associated with infection s. Streptobacillus moniliformis endocarditis volume 12, number.
There are 0 terms under the parent term streptobacillus moniliformis in the icd10cm alphabetical index. This case report describes native mitral valve endocarditis in a. Streptobacillus moniliformis and spirillum minus these organisms cause rat bite fever. Observation began may 25, 1946 and has continued to date. Complications of streptobacilliary ratbite fever may include endocarditis, brain abscesses, amnionitis. Rats that are carriers have no symptoms but can effectively transmit the infection by bite or through infected body fluids such as urine. This is an unusual report of isolation of streptobacillus moniliformis from the blood of a male child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Rat bite fever is a human illness that can be caused by two different bacteria, streptobacillus moniliformis and spirillum minus. Streptobacillus moniliformis as the causative agent in. Based on the results of 16s rrna gene sequence analyses, strain ihit160319 t was assigned to the genus streptobacillus with sequence similarities of 98. Treatment with standard antibiotics was successful. Download free pdf reader for windows now from softonic. Pcr forthedetection of streptobacillus moniliformis. The genus streptobacillus is presently represented by one species, streptobacillus moniliformis, the etiologic agent of ratbite fever and haverill fever.
Rat bite fever is a relatively rare infectious disease due to infection with streptobacillus moniliformis or spirillum minus mainly via directs bite by rats, mice, or other rodents. If left untreated, it carries a mortality rate of 10%. The clear differentiation of strain ahl 3701t from streptobacillus moniliformis, streptobacillus hongkongensis and streptobacillus felis was also supported by rpob, groel and reca nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis. Streptobacillus definition of streptobacillus by merriam. Ratbite fever is most commonly caused by rat bites but can be caused by the bite of any rodent or of a carnivore that preys on rodents. Lipman, wim gaastra faculty of veterinary medicine, utrecht university, yalelaan 2, 3584 cm utrecht, the netherlands.
The patient was a 45yearold man who presented with history of a rat bite and alcoholic liver cirrhosis. We report a case of streptobacillus moniliformis spondylodiscitis accompanied by a psoas abscess in an 80yearold man scratched by a rooster. Pdf isolation of streptobacillus moniliformis from the. Complete genome sequence of streptobacillus moniliformis. Streptobacillus moniliformis is part of the normal respiratory flora of rats. Haverhill fever, epidemic arthritic erythema, was diagnosed by blood culture in a white man 38 years old, a welder by occupation. It is a common commensal of the nasopharynx of rodents, and sometimes causes epizootic disease in mice and rats, resulting in otitis media, multiple arthritis and swelling of the feet and legs.
To determine the relative prevalence of human infections attributable to streptobacillus moniliformis in california over the past 3 decades. Streptobacillus moniliformis is one of the causes of rat bite fever in man, the other being spirillum minus see p. Formerly known as material safety data sheets, phac now refers to them as pathogen safety data sheets or psdss. Free tshirt covid 19 xpressbio is working diligently to ensure we keep our employees and their families safe, while maintaining our business continuity. Detection of antibodies to streptobacillus moniliformis in. Icd10cm alphabetical index streptobacillus moniliformis. On the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence analyses the strain was assigned to the genus streptobacillus with 97. Morphology streptobacillus moniliformis is a highly pleomorphic, filamentous, gramnegative, nonmotile, and nonacidfast rod. Knees, ankles, and metacarpophalangeal joints were swollen.
Rat bite fever without fever annals of the rheumatic. Pdf rat bite fever is a rare infection and sometimes results in complications. Streptobacillus moniliformis and spirillum minus these. At one time, rat bite fever was mainly a hazard of exposure to wild rats or. Rat bite fever is a relatively rare infectious disease due to either streptobacillus moniliformis or spirillum minus 15. We report the case of an hivpositive man who acquired s. Rat bite fever resembling rheumatoid arthritis epidemiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention and reporting of ratbite fever rbf caused by streptobacillus moniliformis. Streptobacillus moniliformis johns hopkins abx guide. A pleomorphic, gramstainnegative, rodshaped, indole, oxidase and catalasenegative, nonsporeforming, nonmotile bacterium strain 547t was isolated from the lungs of a cat with pneumonia. Rat bite fever is a relapsing fever caused by streptobacillus moniliformis or spirillum minus. If there is no clear bite history, the diagnosis is difficult or may not be made. Download pdf 542k download meta ris compatible with endnote, reference manager, procite, refworks. Streptomycin was used by us in the treatment of haverhill fever. The entire appearance was markedly similar to that of.
Presentation mode open print download current view. Streptobacillus moniliformis bacteremia in a rheumatoid. Such detection in the pet of a human victim of rat bite fever has not been reported previously. Hence the name moniliformis which means in the form of a necklace in latin. Rbf remains a diagnostic challenge owing to the nonspecific nature of its presentation. A 5yearold girl was admitted to hospital with fever, headache and nausea. A 72yearold asian female with rheumatoid arthritis was admitted for high grade fever and walking difficulty with severe lumbago. Rat bite fever is a rarely reported acute febrile bacterial illness caused by streptobacillus moniliformis or spirillum minus following a rat bite. Streptobacillus moniliformis and spirillum minus clinical gate. Read pdf files right in your browser the pdf download extension.
Human oropharynx as natural reservoir of streptobacillus. Complete genome sequence of streptobacillus moniliformis type strain 9901t. Human infections result either from rodent bites rat bite fever or. Streptobacillus moniliformis is a pleomorphic gramnegative bacillus that colonizes the commensal. Its name comes from the greek word streptos for curved or twisted, and the latin words bacillus meaning small rod and moniliformis for necklace. It is found in the nasopharynx and oropharynx of wild and laboratory rats. Mar 12, 2018 rat bite fever rbf is a rarely diagnosed, systemic illness caused by infection with streptobacillus moniliformis, streptobacillus notomytis, or spirillum minus. Her creactive protein raised from 11 mgl to 65 mgl and she developed a maculopapular, petechial rash, especially pronounced on the soles and palms. Although the diseases caused by poxviruses are extremely important because of high mortality, deleterious effects on research results, and their highly contagious nature, they are relatively infrequent in occurrence or are restricted in geographic distribution. Streptobacillus moniliformis is a topic covered in the johns hopkins abx guide to view the entire topic, please sign in or purchase a subscription official website of the johns hopkins antibiotic abx, hiv, diabetes, and psychiatry guides, powered by unbound medicine.
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